Some thing has related about ENVI Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Some thing has related about ENVI - Essay Example Demand for products of crop farming in Indiana is ideal. There is an active growth in demand for products of crop farming. Moreover, the demand for farm products imports is also high. This indicates that the available supply of farm products does not satisfy the current demand. Indiana spends between 1-9.9 billion dollars for farm produce imports (Hicks, 2014). This raises concerns about the farm products production capacity of Indiana. Many forests have been cleared for the sake of creating agricultural farms. A big percentage of forest land in Indiana is privately owned (Our Land Our Literature, 2014). Therefore, there lacks national control measures for deforestation. Deforestation has resulted into reduced rains and thus reduced agricultural productivity. Moreover deforestation also destroys the natural habitat of animals and birds. Although organizations such as Indiana Forest Alliance and Heartwood have come out to educate people on the need to stop deforestation, there is still a lot to be done. The forest cover in Indiana has reduced by 59% in the last thirty years (Alexander, 2013). The agricultural sector is at high danger of collapsing due to poor climate. If campaigns against deforestation are not carried out, Indiana might spend more than 10 billion in imports for farm products. If nothing is done, the currently growing population is bound to experience challenges such as famine and hiked prices of farm products. Hicks,  M.  J. (2014).  Key Economic Sectors in Indiana: State Overview. Retrieved from Center for Business and Economic Research, Ball State University. website:

Seminar Paper for One of Us Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Seminar Paper for One of Us - Essay Example Thus, anatomy as a whole can dictate who can do something and who cannot. Dreger notes that sometimes anatomy helps in maintaining order by protecting the vulnerable and restricting privilege. Almost on a daily basis, people change their bodies ever so slightly in order to fit the identity that they wish to present socially. Dreger provides myriad instances that reveal just how much anatomy matters in somewhat unexpected ways (Dreger 2). She points out that even in the Holy Bible, priests were required to have perfect bodies similarly women were not allowed to join priesthood. This can also be illustrated in the case of the conjoined twins who visit a bar only for the bartender to demand for identification from one of the twins who seemed physically younger than her twin. However, Dreger reveals that â€Å"hearing the bartender’s request, the other twin turns around so that she’s the one facing the bartender. Because the second twin appears older, the bartender reconsiders and decides to serve the drink without seeing the proof of time† (Dreger 1). Additionally, anatomy has also interfered with other legal formalities like in the case of the dwarfs whereby their dwarfism prevented the bartender from asking for their identification to verify in the quest of trying to avoid embarrassi ng or devaluing them. Among the examples that Dreger implies when talking about the problems that will be along anatomy identity lines in the 21st century include the issue of racism that has been vibrant in the past years and is expected to continue. Dreger (9) expresses that based on anatomy, one is either black in which the â€Å"whites are seen as inherently superior to all other races†. Subsequently, Dreger also seems to address the issue of scientific innovations and research activities that are on the raise in this 21st century. These innovations such as Botox, a medically antiwrinkle treatment, imply that the world still continues to value anatomy

Focus on the Learner Essay Example for Free

Focus on the Learner Essay Muftah, married with four children, is a pleasant student who is struggling in class. Muftah did not receive any English in secondary school or university. He worked as a Physical Education teacher for two years, and then was employed with the Ministry of Youth and Sports for twenty years. In his years of employment, Muftah never needed to speak or write in English until about two years ago, when he started attending International House. He says that he is now learning English because he has a lot of time on his hands. Muftah prefers to study at home, not with friends. He says that he does not focus on reading or writing; but, he enjoys practicing his speaking skills with his fourteen year old son because that’s where he feels he needs improvement. Muftah sees this as an opportunity to bond with, and encourage, his son because Muftah never got this chance when he was younger. When asked if he is interested in working in a company in the future to maintain his English, he said that he will think about it. Muftah joined International House around two years ago and has had no previous official English education. He studies English for fun and to bond with his children who are now studying English in school; so, he regards English as a social tool rather than one to grow career wise. Muftah is very cooperative in class and participates from time to time. He enjoys group work but prefers to work in pairs because he feels he learns more than when he is with a group of people. Muftah’s strengths are in reading and comprehension. In a scanning activity, he responded accurately when asked to read a letter for one minute and reply to three questions: who sent it, where was it sent from, whom was it sent to. In controlled practice of a reading text, he answers fairly accurately when working on column matching or multiple choice exercises. However, when reading longer texts, (e.g. a newspaper article on eating healthy) he finds difficulty in responding accurately and correctly, yet he seems to put things into context and tell briefly what the piece is about. His teacher says that he sometimes leans towards looking for the answer in Arabic from peers and is the least confident in class; so, he may need to be told to engage fully in English. In addition to his less obvious weakness in skimming texts, Muftah displayed mistakes which were typical to those of an Arab learner in pronunciation and grammar. When conducting a pronunciation exercise, his vowels were incorrectly placed most of the time; this may be due to interference from his L1 because Arabic has a different number of vowel sounds from English. Wednesday: /wenÉ ªzde/ scholastic: /skÉ’lstÉ ªk/ sporadic: /spÉ’rdÉ ªk/ Thursday: /teresde/ Shirt: /ÊÆ'eÉ ªrt/ socks: /sÊÅ'ks/ clothes: /klÉ’dÉ ªs/ Department: /dÉ ªpà ¦rtÉ™mÉ ªnt/ Management: /mà ¦nÉ ªÃŠâ€™mÉ ªnt/ January: /Ê’Ã ¦nu:wÉ™rÉ ª/ Also sounds such as /v/, /p/ and /Ê ¤/ were not accurate on the first attempt and replaced with a /f/ and /b/ and /Ê’/ respectively; this is due to the absence of these sounds in the Libyan dialect. In grammar, his auxiliary verbs are either lacking or placed incorrectly, for example: ‘Where you live?’ and ‘What you doing?’; however, if he is asked to repeat, he will acknowledge his mistake and self-correct it. Again, this is due to not having auxiliary verbs in Arabic, just question words. In an attempt to strengthen his skimming skills, Muftah may buy an English newspaper on his way to work (or borrow a magazine from the school library), pick an article, and try to summarize it with his son. At the end of the week, he may hand it to his teacher for homework to check, and attach a list of new vocabulary he learned from the article. That way he can develop his repertoire of vocabulary, and, at the same time, improve his reading and writing skills. If he hands in the homework three weeks in a row, he can have a break the fourth week to celebrate his accomplishment with his son. Another area I would focus on strengthening is forming the interrogative with auxiliary verbs. Divide a poster board into four (or more) categories: sports, music, animals, and history. Each category is colour-coded and should have four to five envelopes under it. In each envelope there is either a name of a personality, an important event, etc. On each envelope there is the number of points to be won, if participant answers correctly, e.g. 100, 200, 300, etc. To play the game, you will need three persons, player A, player B and a referee. The referee stands by the poster board to take out the card that the players choose. The player will then start to ask 5 questions (yes/no questions or wh- questions) to guess what is on the card. For example, in the Sports category, the card may hold Tiger Woods’ name (or another regionally familiar athlete), so player A will ask the referee: Is it a man or a woman? What game does he play? Where is he from? Does he still pay? If he guesses correctly, he gets the points if not; then, a chance is given to player B to gain the points. If neither player guesses correctly, no points are given and they can try again later.

Weber A The Protestant Ethic Sociology Essay

Weber A The Protestant Ethic Sociology Essay Marx Weber in his writing entitled The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, has had an enduring impact on the field of economic history. Weber presents the argument that religion in certain forms and ways had a critical influence modern capitalist economy and society. He believes that Puritan ethics and ideas influenced the development of capitalism. He supports his argument by examining the relationship between the ethnics of ascetic Protestantism and the beginnings of modern capitalism. Weber presents the problem of linking religion to the spirit of capitalism. He explains different religions and how they play into his study. Weber begins by comparing the differences between Catholics and Protestants. Although Weber admits that through history some of the richer areas tended to covert to Protestantism and that Protestants generally had a greater inherited wealth, this does not entirely explain the greater participation in capitalism shown by the Protestants. He believes that environment has a great effect on determining choice of occupation, but that Protestants have also shown a strong tendency to develop economic rationalism more so than Catholics. One explanation Weber provides for this is that Catholics tend to be more otherworldly than Protestants and therefore do not put as much importance on material gains. Weber mention s Catholics show a stronger propensity to remain in their crafts that is they more often become master craftsmen, whereas the Protestants are attracted to a larger extent into the factories in order to fill the upper ranks of skilled labour and administrative position (Weber, 3).Catholics answer with the accusation that materialism results from the secularization of all ideals through Protestantism (Weber, 4). Even though Catholic gets involved in economic activities, Protestants have stronger tendency to develop economic rationalism and Catholic criticizes Protestants materialism. He bases his argument on his observations in Germany and elsewhere, and this is why he focuses his argument on the Protestants. Weber also explains about the spirit of capitalism. There are conceptualizing the spirit of capitalism. Weber presents excerpt from the wirings of Benjamin Franklin. Franklin writes that time is money, credit is money, and the good paymaster is lord of another mans purse. Frankli ns moral beliefs are useful to promote profit for individuals. Weber mentions It is, namely, by no means exceptional, but rather the rule, for him to have a sort of modesty which is essentially more honest than the reserve which Franklin so shrewdly recommends (Weber, 19). In addition, Weber mentions about the importance of accepting capitalistic system to make money. He says the capitalistic system so needs this devotion to the calling of making money it is an attitude toward material goods which is so well sited to that system, so intimately bound up with the conditions of survival in the economic struggle for existence( Weber, 19).Weber also makes a point about calling and reformation. Weber does not think that calling explain the spirit of capitalism. Weber mentions that Luther developed the conception and activity as a reformer. However, Weber says that Martin Luther was a traditionalist and so believed in obedience to Gods will and acceptances of the way things are, that Luth eranism did not have great significance in the development of the capitalistic spirit. Weber argues that there is no relationship between the spirit of capitalism and reformation and tries to see how religion has impact on material cultures development. Weber says we have no intention whatever of maintain such a foolish and doctrinaire thesis, as that the spirit of capitalism could only have arisen as the result of certain effects of the Reformation, or even that capitalism as an economic system is creation of the Reformation (Weber, 28). Weber also mentions four principal forms of ascetic Protestantism which are Calvinism, Pietism, Methodism, and Baptist movement. He continues by explaining some of the values involved with these other sects although its clear that Calvinism will be the most important to his argument. Weber assumes that Calvinism influences in Western Europe in the seventeenth century. He notices that western Europe had followed Calvinist Protestantism. Calvinists saw their work as a calling from God and it was a moral duty. God does not exist for men, but men for the sake of God. All creation, including of course the fact, as it undoubtedly was for Calvin, that only a small proportion of men are chose for eternal grace, can have any meaning only as means to the glory and majesty of God( Weber, 33). They believed in the elect. They are chosen and predestined by God. However, Lutheran Protestantism was different. It believed that people could earn a place in Heaven through good works on earth.It seems capitalist ideology, but Lutheran Protestantism encouraged people to earn no more than they needed to survive. The problem with Calvinist Protestantism was that they did not know they would go to hell or heaven. Weber mentions on the one hand it is held to be an absolute duty to consider oneself chosen, and to combat all doubts are temptations of the devil(Weber, 37). Their uncertainty led them to work hard and that was for Gods favor. So their hard work led to the development of capitalism. They denied comfort and pleasure to themselves and despised laziness and hedonism. They made money for its own sake. Weber emphasizes that the spirit of capitalism is the values and attitude behind making money. Weber concludes that religion could cause economic change. Pietism is closely connected with Calvinism and gets influences by Lutheran Protestantism. However according to Weber it has an uncertain basis for asceticism and is therefore less consistent than Calvinism. Methodism has a simi lar uncertain foundation similar to Pietism and is also has some key differences from Calvinisms doctrinal basis. And finally the Baptist sects had quite a different foundation than Calvinism. Finally, Weber wants to figure out the relationships between ascetic Protestantism and the spirit of capitalism. Overall, Webers intent was to prove the positive correlation between capitalist spirit and Protestant religion. B. Choose one article from the list at the end of this exam In the article, Ethnic Differences in Endorsement of the Protestant Work Ethic: The Role of Ethnic Identity and Perceptions of Social Class by Kevin Cokley, Komarraju, Pickett, Shen, Patel, Belur, and Rosales, examined ethnic differences in endorsement of the Protestant work ethic (PWE) among Black and White college students and differences in ethnic identity and perceptions of social class mediated the relationship between ethnicity and the endorsement of PWE values. The Protestant Work Ethic (PWE) is an important aspect of U.S and authors mentions the traditional American values which have been associated with White culture, includes individualism, competition, orientation, and the PWE. Authors mention the PWE is a value system that stresses the moral value of work, self-discipline, and individual responsibility in forming a way to improve ones economic well-being (Cokley et al 2007: 76). They found that the PWE is related to attributions of greater personal obligation. However, Niles stated that there seems to be a stronger commitment to a Protestant work ethic among non-Protestant cultures. They found that the PWE is now more a reflection of culture than of religious values or nationality. Authors examined multi cultural differences in the PWE within the United States and their goal was to find which ethnicity might affect endorsement of the PWE. According to Cokley et al, differences in the importance of ethnic identity arise among ethnic minorities and Whites and ethnic identity caries in importance and strength among ethnic group members. They say we believed that cultural values like the PWE that promote individual responsibility while minimizing the impact of societal oppression on ethnic minorities such as Blacks would be negatively related to ethnic identity they also found that well- educated individuals are less likely to endorse PWE values due to the fact that well- educated individuals are more likely to be aware of systems of oppression, such as racism, sexism, homophobia. In addition, the PWE is also related to social class. They figure out Blacks face more negative perceptions about their work ethic from employers than do Whites and that employer see inner-city poor Blacks as especially problematic (Cokley et al 2007:79). Authors used three measures which are Protestant Ethic Scale (PES), Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (NEIM), and Demographic sheet. After they examined, they found that Black students the PWE was not significantly correlated with ethnic identity. Blacks were higher in ethnic identity than were Whites, but the relationship between ethnic identity and PWE was not significant. However, they found that ethnic identity and perceptions of social class can count for ethnic differences in endorsement of the PWE. Black students had a significantly lower PWE compared with White students. This indicates that they were less likely to believe that works hard will succeed. They mention the Black students or their close friends and family members may have had experiences that led them to believe that an individuals life outcomes are influences by much more than simply hard work because there ae other external, uncontrollable social forces( racism, sexism, discrimination) that can influence outcomes more than does ones own individual effort. On the other hand, whites are opposite. They tend to believe a strong positive relationship between working hard and achieving success. It indicates that White students were more likely to endorse PWE beliefs than were Black students. They mention the most significant result of this study was the emergence of perceptions of social class as the only significant mediator (Cokley et al 2007: 85). It shows that upper middle class and upper class had a significantly stronger PWE than working class or middle class among Whites, but not Blacks. They argue that social class in an important because they believe that social class might influence the cultural psychology of different ethnic groups. They mention the Blacks in the present study, regardless of perceived social class, were less likely to endorse the PWE, perhaps because they may have experienced first hand that the application of the PWE does not always result in meritocratic economic outcomes (Cokley et al 2007: 87). 2. A. Basic elements of bureaucracy that Weber describes. In the article, Bureaucracy, Weber believes that bureaucracy is a particular type of administrative structure developed through authority. Weber attributes the development of bureaucracy to the increase in rationalization in modern societies. Weber says Bureaucracy, thus understood, is fully developed in political and ecclesiastical communities only in the modern state, and, in the private economy, only in the most advanced institutions of capitalism (Weber 1946:196). Weber argues that bureaucracies have existed in places such as Egypt, the Roman Catholic Church, and China. Weber mentions a certain measure of a developed money economy is the normal precondition for the unchanged and continued existence, if not for the establishment, of pure bureaucratic administrations (Weber 1946:205). Bureaucracy is organized as a hierarchical system of offices that are governed by rules. For Weber the term bureaucracy are inseparable from the term rationality. According to Weber, there are ways of developing bureaucracies rational which are functional specialization, clear lines of hierarchical authority, expert training of managers, and decision making based on rules. Weber argues that such specialization is essential to a rational bureaucracy. His idea of functional specialization applies to persons within an organization and to relations between larger units or divisions of the organization. For example, work was broken down into many special tasks and employees were assigned few such tasks. Divisions of large organizations require clear lines of authority organized in a hierarchy. And division of labour is more fundamental that the others because it initiates and orders other divisions of labour. In addition, hierarchical authority is required in bureaucracies so that highly trained experts can he properly used as managers. He argues that managers at all levels have to be trained for their specific jobs. He mentions the demand for administration by trained experts is considerable, and the party followings have to recognize an intellectually developed, educated, and freely moving public opinion, the use of unqualified officials falls back upon the party in power at the next election(Weber 1946:201). Development is greatly furthered by the social prestige of the educational certificates acquired through such specialized examinations. This is all the more the case at the educational patent is turned to economic advantage (Weber 1946:241). Weber mentions the importance of education which can develop economic. Lastly, Weber makes a point that rational bureaucracies must be managed in accordance with carefully developed rules and principles that can be learned and applied and that transactions and decisions must be recorded so that rules can be reviewed. He mentions the management of the office follows general rules, which are more or less stable, more or less exhaustive, and which can be learned (Weber, 1946:198). Weber sees bureaucracy as one of the most important causes of the development of capitalism specifically. B. The strengths and dangers of bureaucracy that Weber describes. According to Max Weber, that bureaucracy are the most efficient form of administration and inevitable in the modern society. Weber offers a positive of bureaucracy through his ideal description of the administrative system as a rational and efficient type of organization. Bureaucracy is an administrative structure through hierarchical relations and pre-established spheres of competence. the large corporation as a type of bureaucratic organization that rivaled the state bureaucracy in achieving rational efficiency and calculated results (Rubenstein 1978:55). One of the strengths of bureaucracy is conduct of official business in strict accordance with the duty of every member, chosen through impersonal criteria to perform designated tasks subject to strict rules of practice. He mentions Precision, speed, unambiguity, knowledge of the files, continuity, discretion, unity, strict, subordination, reduction of friction and of material and personal costs, these are raised to the optimum points in the strictly bureaucratic administration. (Weber1946: 214). Also, Weber says that the organizations structuring into a vertical hierarchy to be governed by the rights to supervision and appeal. The military is an example of bureaucratic organization. Weber says Specifically, military discipline and technical training can be normally and fully developed, at least to its modern high level, only in the bureaucratic army (Weber 1946:222). Its specific nature, which is welcomed by capitalism, develops the more perfectly the more the bureaucracy is dehumani zed, the more completely it succeeded, in eliminating form official business love, hatred, and all purely personal, irrational, and emotional elements which escape calculation( Weber 1946:216). However, Weber also fears that people would become too controlled by people who are superior and too much rules and regulations deprive of peoples freedom. Weber argues about the consequences of bureaucracies in modern societies. He feels they represented a grave threat to individual liberty. Also, bureaucracy provides structure of domination. Governance in a class-based society resulted to abuse of power of the tope leadership resulting to corruption, and political infighting. A bureaucracy is organized as a hierarchical system of offices that are governed by rules. Each office has a sphere of tasks, and the offices operate and interact according to an explicit se of procedures. Power resides in offices. Office holders merely act out the responsibilities of their offices. furthermore, He notes No machinery in the world functions so precisely as this apparatus of men and, moreover, so cheaplyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦rational calculation, reduces every worker to a cog in this bureaucratic mach ine and, seeing himself in this light, he will merely ask how to transform himself into a somewhat bigger cog..The passion for bureaucratization drives us to despair (Weber). Power is exercise by bureaucrats whose interest is in regulation rather than principles. Individual are lost in the vast machinery of the bureaucratic organization. These bureaucracies become structures of domination. They govern social action on a regular basis, and they establish and sustain patterns of inequality. Weber mentions the bureaucratic tendency has chiefly been influenced by needs arising from the creation of standing armies as determined by power politics and by the development of public finance connected with the military establishment (Weber 1946:212). Weber implies that the decisive reason for the advance of bureaucratic organization has always been its purely technical superiority over any other form of organization (Weber 1946:214). the fully developed bureaucratic mechanism he was aware of the fact that actual bureaucracies seldom achieve the level of efficiency of the ideal type he had constructed( Rubenstein 1978:23). Webers writings on bureaucracy are part of a larger attempt to understand the social and political structure and the values of modern Western civilization (Rubenstein 1978:27). 3. According to Marx, the class struggle under capitalism is between those who own the means of production, the ruling class or bourgeoisie and those who labor for a wage, the working class or proletariat. the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of call struggles( Marx, Engels 1848,3). The worker is as part of the machinery. a class of laborers, who live only so long as they find work, and who find work only so long as their labor increases capital( Marx, Engels 1848,8). Weber also describes that the ruling class makes the rules that structure society. Marx made a set of demands which are 10points programs. He believes that the implementation of those policies would lead to a classless and stateless society. A. The Cunning of History by Rubenstein mentions as uprooted men and women were forced to move from the countryside to the cities, they had little choice but to accept the subsistence wages offered to them in the mills and factories. The alternative was starvation. There was an abundant labor supply and its cost was kept at a minimum (Rubenstein 1978:55). Even though there are criticisms, bureaucracy remains an important administrative system. Weber recognizes the ideal benefits of bureaucracy. http://www.dailyfinance.com/article/gates-says-urgent-need-to-cut-defense/1052189/ http://www.paperarticles.com/2009/06/singapore-at-50-managing-change.html According to the newspaper, Singapore at 50: Managing change gives a good example of efficient bureaucracy which helps to increase economic. http://www.uow.edu.au/~bmartin/pubs/90uw/uw08.html it provides the possibility for government to function effectively and efficiently, leading the larger and larger societies, with increasingly complex and diverse ways of life for its citizens. Beyond government, numerous other social organizations, both in the public and private sectors have developed bureaucratic forms of leadership, which have succeeded in advancing the goals of their organizations. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Bureaucracy( good thing, bad thing)

Research Paper on the Year 1969 -- American History

"First, I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth."- John F. Kennedy. On a warm July night in 1969, this dream came true. Millions of people sat captivated in front of their TVs witnessing one of the most monumental events in history, Neil Armstrong walking gracefully on the moon. This event in US history changed the way we look at space forever. Political issues such as the Vietnam War and foreign affairs were on the forefront of American's minds. Thousands of people came peacefully together in a historical concert event called Woodstock. Children were introduced to a place called "Sesame Street" and Heavy Metal meant more than just an old car. The year 1969 impacted American's lives today in politics, science, sports, art, entertainment and daily living. Politics On January 20, 1969 our 37th president, Richard Milhous Nixon, was sworn into Presidency. His main focus as president was to pull forces out of Vietnam in order to end the War that began in 1961. Nixon began this process by pulling 75,000 troops out of Vietnam in the first year he was president. Nixon also worked to improve US relations with China as well as with the Soviet Union. He was the first president to visit China. He also imposed a wage price freeze to combat inflation that was replaced by a system of wage price controls, to be later removed. Nixon?s term as President will forever be remembered due to his resignation from presidency over the Watergate scandal. One of the most important political issues of 1969 was the Vietnam War. Throughout this year many demonstrations took place to protest the war. For example, in... ...as ?nifty? if you drove a Firebird Trans Am or Dodge charger. Today, people restore these cars to drive a piece of automotive history. The population of the US in 1969 was 202,677,000. Many people from Hollywood and sports were born this year. Some people born this year are Bobby Brown, Renee Zellweger, Steffi Graf, Ice Cube, and Brett Favre. Some people who died this year were Dwight D Eisenhower, Rocky Marciano, and Brian Jones. Conclusion The events in 1969 brought the beginning of many things to our country. Sports made multiple historical moments and a new genre of music was created and made unforgettable. Neil Armstrong was the first man to set foot onto the moon and it was a moment that will never be forgotten. The Boeing 747 first took flight and can be seen in our skies today. What better way to end the 1960's with an amazing year like 1969.

The Influence of Mythology on Literature and Society Essay -- Mytholog

The Influence of Mythology on Literature and Society Edith Hamilton is the author of the book Mythology. This book is about the Mythology of the Romans and Greeks through her eyes and the way she interprets it. In the beginning of the book Hamilton writes an introduction to Classical Mythology and how, and why it came about. She starts off by writing that Greek and Roman Mythology is meant to show us how people felt about the human race and about where they came from many years ago. She points out that Mythology describes the Earth when it was young and people cared for the Earth more than today. This is true, because in today?s world not many people are caring about the Earth and its going by us fast. She also points out that these stories in Mythology and the characters are describe in such great detail that even through you cannot see them, that maybe just maybe they are real and believable. Mythology is the way the Greeks and Roman saw and understood the world around them and it is written in which a way that we may never truly understand it. Hamilton now describes the Mythology of the Greeks as a totally different picture than the one described in Classical Mythology. She describes it as being vile, and savage, but the reason for this is because the Greeks wrote about themselves when they had a brutal and poverty filled life. They wrote like this to show you how they came to power and what they went through to get there. Not only was Greece coming to power, but also they changed the world as it was back then and forever. The reason for this was, because when Greece came to power so did mankind, and because they finally saw how powerful they could be, mankind was born. Greek originally obtained their gods fro... ...die and who wanted to fight the good fight. I believe that the Norsemen gods had something to die for, where as the Greco-Roman gods had everything to live for. The Greco-Roman gods were gods who indulged in their delights and who were in a way stuck up. Both Greco-Roman and Norsemen Myths are similar in principal, but are different in meaning. The Norsemen gods seem more like people who are struggling for a common goal, and go through a lot to get their desired happiness. The Norsemen gods? way of life is the way most people think of Mythology when they hear of it. That would be the whole good versus evil battle that supposed to take place between Heaven and Hell, but even though the Norsemen gods are not as strong as the Roman-Greco gods they are stronger in faith and that?s more important than any incredible power that the Greco-Roman gods will ever have.

Syed Mokhtar Al Bukhary

He was born at Kampung Hutan Keriang in Alor Setar, Kedah in 1951. It was nine years later that his mother, Sharifah Rokiah, packed him off to stay with his British soldier uncle in Johor Bahru. He returned to Alor Setar in 1966, continued his Form Three studies at St Michael’s Secondary School, and helping out with his father’s cattle trading business. He dropped out of school before completing Form Five, ventured into meat trading after his father called it a day when the cattle business was badly affected by the foot and mouth disease.From there, he went into rice trading, the transportation business, garment contract manufacturing (for JCPenny and Kmart), property development and a host of other businesses. And he did not wait to become a rich man to share his wealth with the unfortunate. He started giving when he was still struggling as a rice trader. His mother had urged him to contribute to the poor, regardless of race or religion. So he made arrangements for hal f of his income of RM1,500 then to be donated to 15 needed families in his village.It is a practice that continues till this day, with poor families receiving RM50 each every month. He has also been sponsoring some 50 pilgrims to perform their Haj every year since 1990s. Charity is his all-consuming passion. It has been the cornerstone of his business world from the start. â€Å"Wealth has to circulate. When you make money, you have to give it away. â€Å"My mother taught us nothing is yours until you have given it away with all your heart in the hope it will make someone’s life easier.†As far as Syed Mokhtar is concerned, he is merely the steward of wealth that is meant to be spent in the service of mankind. In 2007, the May 20 edition of the World Business nominated Syed Mokhtar as one of the Top 20 â€Å"Progressive Asians†, citing him as one â€Å"who has no interest in personal aggrandisement. † In 2008, Malaysia honoured him as Tokoh Ma’al H ijrah 1429H or Man of the year 2008 in recognition of his contributions to the country. The same year, he was recognised as one of the leading philanthropists in Asia by Forbes.The Most Fearful 70 minutes in Syed Mokhtar's life Assalamualaikum and hi! Today I would like to tell you an episode of Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar Al Bukhary's life. Hope you will enjoy it! It was the most frightening 70 minutes for Syed Mokhtar when he met Dr Mahathir, who was a Malaysian Prime Minister at that time. The meeting held on January 16, 1997 which has lasted for 70 minutes has become a very unforgettable memory in his life. When he meet Dr Mahathir , Syed Mokhtar has been treated unfriendly.Dr Mahathir did not smile when he greeted him. Syed Mokhtar felt very nervous when he sees the serious face of Dr Mahathir. Dr Mahathir did not even ask him to seat. So he decided to sit and present all the documents he had prepared on its business at Kedah even without being asked. After 70 minutes passed Dr Mahath ir still did not speak even a word. Syed Mokhtar decided to leave all of his documents and walk out of Dr. Mahathir’s room. This incidence has become the most terrifying 70 minutes for Syed Mokhtar and will be remembered forever.However, the fear was eventually paid off because he has successfully implemented projects that he presented to Dr Mahathir. I think maybe Dr Mahathir has his own reason for treating Syed Mokhtar like that. Still, if I was him I might have fainted in front of Dr Mahathir. That was so nerve-recking, I can tell you. 8 interesting facts about Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar Al-Bukhary 1) He still driving an old models of Proton Perdana that he purchased before he became the owner of Proton Company itself (page viii) 2) He is a very sentimental person.His first office at Teluk Wanjah, Alor Setar is still preserved in its original condition, including the original furniture that has been used since 1975, as well as the earliest rice trucks, cars and scales owned rice company. Everything is still kept up until today. 3) Syed Mokhtar Albukhary will drive back to Alor Setar each month to visit his mother, Sharifah Rokiah, although he is more than capable of using private plane , or at least use a personal driver (page viii) 4) He also has never been a member of any exclusive club as the prevalence of any successful corporate figure.(page 3) 5)Do not like to sleep in air-conditioned room, but after getting married, he compromised on this. (page187) 6) Every single year he will go to Mecca to perform the Umrah. (page 171) 7) He also sponsored 50 paupers for pilgrimage every single year. (page 72) 8) He is also not a racist person. He is practicing of donating part of his income to poor families, regardless of their race. (page 119) Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar Albukhary, is well known as as a â€Å"Philanthropist Millionaire†. Born in 1951 in Alor Setar, Kedah, from a family ofHadhramawt, Yemen origin, Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar and his seven siblings had a very simple life when they were young. Due to hardship in life, he only managed attend school until Form Five in order to give way to his other siblings to further their studies. His success story in business began by helping his parents in cattle business around 1960-an. However, this did not last long due to the outbreak of disease which hit their livestock. Hence, Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar took other initiative by applying for MARA’s assistance to start a lorry business in the 1970s.The lorry company which is known as Syarikat Kenderaan Sentosa (Sentosa Vehicle Company) now owns more than 40 lorries. Know as a man with a vision, his efforts did not stop at that point. In 1974, Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar bought his first shop house under the hire-purchase agreement with Urban Development Authority of Malaysia (UDA). The next year, he expanded his business empire by establishing Shah Company, known as a rice supplier to FELDA, MARA Senama, Pernas Edar and Sergam Sdn Bhd after having succeeded in obtaining the rice trading license from Lembaga Padi Negara or BERNAS.Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar described his achievement in business was the outcome of government’s initiative in implementing the New Economy Policy (NEP). Since then, Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar’s business continued to expand rapidly until he was awarded as one of the richest Bumiputera corporate figure in Malaysia, received recognition from Malaysian Business as the seventh richest man in Malaysia in 2005 and recently named as the fiftieth richest man by Forbes in 2013.This Malaysian tycoon has expanded his business empire at a bigger scale by owning a controlling interest in giant companies in Malaysia such as MMC Corporation Berhad, Tanjung Pelepas Port, BERNAS, Malakoff Berhad, Johor Port Berhad, to name a few. Known as a generous figure with a remarkable humanity, he set up the Islamic Art Museum, Al-Bukhary Foundation, Al-Bukhary International University as well as Al-Bukhary Complex.Besides tha t, he was also responsible in the renovations of the National Mosque and sponsors the less fortunate Malaysians to perform their Hajj. More recent, this millionaire with a big heart has built several mosques in some districts in Negeri Sembilan, apart from Alor Setar, Senai Airport, Johor and also at Jalan Pudu. As a â€Å"Philanthropist Millionaire†, an honorable value which has been instilled by his parents when he was young, Tan Sri Syed Mokhtar is a humble man and never acts parsimonious with the knowledge he possesses as well as  his recipe of success in business.Taken from Syed Mokhtar Albukhary: A Biography by Premilla Mohanlall, he once said, â€Å"My mother taught us that we have nothing until we give what we have sincerely, with the hope that it will make other people’s lives better. † It is clear that humility is his top priority when he said, â€Å"A lesson to me is that we must always remember our origin, where we come from and remain humble when we are blessed with good fortune. Otherwise, we might fall. †

The Micromanager

Although George seems to be a nice man, he is really a true micromanager because he can be persistent and stubborn on a lot of things.   Although he would like to think that he is personable, at work, he insists on getting things done in his own way and keeps track of Shelley’s progress in doing it. He also eats up Shelley’s time in making her accompany him to meetings that take her concentration away from true work. Even at home, he can dictate the time his children need to do certain things like homework. George also insists that at least two press releases are published monthly even when there is nothing to write about. He oversteps on the instructions that Shelley has already given to her own staff which causes additional confusion on the part of their subordinates. Even if Shelley has already asked for assistance in the form of additional staff, he would still rather that she list down her priorities first and do things his way. Shelley obviously detests being bullied into doing what should otherwise be something creative because she does not like George’s leadership style. However, leadership style can affect many people in different ways depending on personality types and the situations they are in. This can be seen in the way Rich Harmon admires George for being innovative and ahead of him in thinking of solutions to his department’s problems. The micromanager is good in doing everybody else’s job but as can be seen in George’s situation, he spends too much time in dealing with the nitty gritty that should be delegated to his subordinates.   As Chief-Executive-Officer, he should be concentrating on motivating his employees to do their work as a team instead of finding the little stuff that they might be doing wrong or finding solutions to small problems that should be the job of his managers. 2. Is it the appropriate style ? Why or why not? (Hint, consider the characteristics of the environment, the employee, the task, leader discretion, etc.) Retronics is in a very delicate situation because its market is going down and it needs to reinvent itself to keep up with the industry.   George’s style cannot be successful in this light because he insists on doing things hands-on while the need of the company is for its head to create new ideas that could bring new life to the crippled corporation. George has his own following and he can be effective to certain types of personalities. However, although there are employees who admire George’s ideas that really help in the development of their departments, he is actually creating followers instead of true leaders because of the dependency culture he is encouraging.   He should instead try to hone his managers’ leadership skills and encourage more innovative ideas that come from below his rank if he really wants to keep up with the new wave in his industry. Otherwise, he would be trapped in solving everybody else’s problems and no one will be overseeing the company. On the other hand, his way of micromanaging Shelley causes her to loose motivation to work because she feels cramped by her position and his leadership style.   It can be assumed that Shelley might not be the only one who feels this way because he is the type who would really delve into the smallest of details of each department to keep him self abreast of what is happening within his company. Aside from embarrassing his managers for overpowering them in their own departments or divisions, George’s style can also cause a lot of confusion and power struggle which can be detrimental to a company who is already trying so hard to survive in an ailing industry. Instead of working towards a concrete goal, his style of management causes factions which can affect the time frame and quality of work that needs to be done. Another negative consequence of George’s leadership style is that his managers will tend to imitate his leadership style and this could cause too much stress in the company.   The pressure that is felt by the subordinates will just result to poor results due to lack of morale. Instead of overseeing and managing, his executives would end up picking on their employees and wasting too much time trying to correct mistakes that could have been done properly if they had the freedom to deal with things individually. George’s leadership style encourages individualism instead of team building.   A big company can become strong if its foundations are supportive groups of people instead of individuals who have their own motives for staying in the company.   To be a good leader is to foster team work and understanding among subordinates. Better relationships build loyalty and sincerity in getting things done. 3. What strategies can Shelley employ to better manage her boss? (To answer this question, you may want to read this short piece by Harry E. Chambers: (You can find it through the EBSCO database in Business Source Complete). Shelley has to get over her feelings of being mislead into the predicament she was in.   She has to stop feeling like a victim and put things in proper perspective.   When emotions are put aside, she will be able to see that George is coming from a completely different background from hers.   She is into the arts while George, an engineer academic standards, uses more of logic to understand and solve problems.   She also has to go beyond her department’s problems to understand that George’s problems are way much heavier than hers. Being a subordinate, it is also required of Shelley that she learns how to follow her boss†¦ even if it seems wrong.   Otherwise, she can manipulate George’s decisions into her favor by finding out what motivates him to do things in another way. She can also use her communication skills in professionally sharing her ideas even before George can shoot it down.   It can be seen that Shelley tends to just hold back instead of verbally defending her ideas.   Micromanagers can still feel in control as long as they see that their subordinates see their problems from the boss’ point of view too. Shelley should put her ideas to work and then find ways of explaining it to George in the light of his perception and not hers. Shelley also has to inform George of her ideas before she starts writing them.   This way, they can discuss which ones he prefer and how they can compromise on how the subject should be given treatment. Simply making a press release, for example, without taking into consideration the boss’ view can be a waste of time because of the corrections.   However, if Shelley takes the initiative to place the information needed in front of her boss so that he just has to decide among the choices she offers, then things would be easier to do quickly. Shelley should also try to find out what makes George have a better relationship with the other managers.   She does not have to suck up to him and change her attitude but just analyzing those relationships could create better understanding of how to handle her boss. Lastly, Shelley really needs to go beyond her department and see things generally from the CEO’s point of view too.   George’s responsibilities are far harder to manage than hers and this could give her insight on why he treats her that way.

Zara – SWOT Analysis

Topshop was setup in 1964 in the basement of a department store. It became part of Arcadia Group Ltd alongside shops like Miss Selfridge, Wallis, Dorothy Perkins and Outfit. Now, they have over 300 stores in the UK and ship to more than 100 countries worldwide. Oxford Circus in London is Topshop’s flagship store; they’ve also recently opened flagships in Chicago and New York.Topshop specialise in on-trend and high-fashion clothing. They sell Women’s, Baby, and Maternity. Topshop have collaborated with many designers and celebrities like Christopher Kane and Kate Moss to create fresh and unique looks. They are also the first ever high street brand in history to attend London Fashion Week.Communication is a way of passing on a message or transferring information. A business needs accurate and relevant information so they can make important decisions in order to remain competitive. There are two different types of communication; internal and external. Internal commu nication means communication within the company, for example a manager to all shop-floor staff. External communication is the company communicating with others outside of it, its customers.Topshop communicate internally and externally public in a variety of ways. One example of external communication would be Twitter. Twitter is a social networking site that has millions of users. Topshop use Twitter to interact with their customers; this may be to reveal new items, keep them up to date on events, or even handle customer complaints. By using Twitter, Topshop are keeping their customers up to date with important information as they know that most of their target market (16-34 years) use the website. Other social media Topshop use are Facebook, Instagram, Tumblr and Pinterest. Many departments that would use this way of communication would be Marketing, PR and IT.Email is a way of communicating both internally and externally. Internally, Topshop would use email to communicate between staff, for example Head Office emailing all staff to inform them of an upcoming event, a new range  etc. Topshop can email externally through newsletters. Newsletters (handled by IT or Marketing and PR) inform their customers of new clothing ranges, upcoming events, trend alerts, and sales. People can subscribe to these by putting their email address into the website. This way, Topshop can keep their customers up to date with important information.Another type of external communication that Topshop use is YouTube. YouTube has over 1 billion different users each month (in the UK), and Topshop use this to their advantage. They have their own channel which has over 35,000 subscribers. They upload videos daily of things such as ‘EDITED’ where a Topshop stylist will create outfits with the new collection. Or ‘5 Ways to Wear’, which showcases Topshop’s clothing. YouTube is a great way for Topshop to promote their products and also communicate with their customers. The commenting system on YouTube allows Topshop’s customers to comment on what they like and dislike, or even recommend what they’d like to see next. The IT, Marketing and PR departments would have a strong presence in this type of communication. Styling and Personal Shopping (aka customer service) would have an input too.

The Effects of Heroin on a Person’s Brain and Body: a Literature Review

Running Head: EFFECTS OF HEROIN ON A PERSON The Effects of Heroin on a Person’s Brain and Body: A Literature Review Heather Huber Walden University Psych 8226-04 Biopsychology Dr. John Redmon August 18, 2010 Abstract This literature review looks at the detrimental effects of heroin. Since many heroin users often become addicted, it is important to look at its ramifications. Beginning with a brief history of the substance, then discussing treatment programs for those who have problems with heroin abuse, this paper helps to better understand logical reasons that heroin is an illegal substance.The Effects of Heroin on a Person’s Brain and Body: A Literature Review Heroin, also known as diacetylmorphine, is an illegal drug in the United States and many other countries. Heroin has devastating results on the brain and body. This paper looks at heroin’s history, its consequences on the brain and body, addiction possibilities, and available options for treatment for hero in abusers. What is Heroin? Chemical make-up Breaking down the parts of the word, diacetylmorphine, di means two, acetyl is a radical derived from acetic acid, and morphine is a drug derived from the opium poppy plant used to relieve pain.Heroin, on the street, is generally not pure. Drug dealers often add other things in the drug to stretch their dollar (Furst, 2000). The term for adding things to a drug is called cutting it. According to Furst, easily attainable items, such as lactose and milk sugar, can cut heroin. Quinine, a psychoactive drug that enhances the heroin high, is also a common choice. History Upon researching the history of heroin, very few research articles were located. Many tend to focus on its results in present day life.Unfortunately, this inequity of information in Walden University’s academic databases, the internet provided much of the information regarding the history of heroin. Using vigilant discernment and precise judgment, the following informati on appeared relevant and valuable in understanding the path of heroin. Heinrich Dreser, an employee of the Bayer Company (the same as today’s Bayer Asprin), first discovered heroin in 1895 by diluting morphine (PBS, 1998).It was later that heroin was advertised and sold as an over-the-counter medication. Acknowledged for having the pain relieving effects of morphine, without the side effects and addictions, heroin became the new choice for pain relief. Unfortunately, a researcher in Bayer laboratories unethically withheld the truth of this information (HeroinAbuse. Net, 2007; PBS, 1998). The use, abuse, and addiction to heroin grew in the United States, and around the world, throughout the early 1900s.Access to heroin on the streets, despite its illegal status, became easier and soon it became a headliner when American celebrities (Janis Joplin, John Belushi, and Kurt Cobain, to name a few) overdosed and died due to use of the drug and its mixture with other illegal substance s (PBS, 1998). Today, heroin is still illegal, but is prominent in the lives of many who use or know someone who uses. Effects of Heroin on the Brain Drugs become illegal usually due to the negative consequences.Franken, Stam, Hendriks, and van den Brink (2004) found that heroin can have a negative result on the brain by limiting and exciting different areas leading the long time abuser to have negative characteristics similar to both Alzheimer’s patients and individuals with multiple sclerosis (dementia and brain lesions, respectively). While their study shared a lot about long-term users of heroin, it failed to present information regarding limited-use of heroin users. It is valuable information to know how heroin use affects both groups. The difference between users and abusers will be discussed in the addiction section of this paper. Li, et al. 2005) discovered major disruptions in the cerebral cortex and central nervous system when they autopsied accidental deaths of her oin addicts. While it is challenging to study the definitive effects of heroin on the brain in patients while alive, postmortem patients provide valuable information regarding the effects of heroin use on the brain. While traces of heroin were found throughout the brain, they discovered a larger amount in the hippocampus and the basal ganglia (Li, et al. , 2005). These heroin cells left lesions in the brain, which could have lead to decreased blood flow to the organs and even death (Li, et al. , 2005).It is clear that the brain is affected by the use of heroin, next we will look at the effects of heroin on the body. Effects of Heroin on the Body Heroin affects vision. Firth (2005) studied its effects. Many heroin users reported double vision (diplopia); the author thought it was important to see whether it was a temporary or permanent condition. Eye exercises or specially made glasses corrected the majority of diplopic conditions. Shao, et al. (2006), tested and found that those wit h the DRD4 VNTR long repeat allele were more likely to crave heroin after seeing heroin related stimuli, than with the similar DRD4 VNTR short repeat allele.This type of research provides information to future researchers to study this particular allele and perhaps find a â€Å"cure† for heroin addiction. While this may not be the only part of the human body that shows addiction tendencies towards heroin, it is a stepping-stone towards a future of understanding heroin addiction and maybe generalizes that information towards addictions to any substance. Addiction Addiction, in general, has been viewed from many different angles. Many influences encourage one to begin using a substance.O’Brien (2003) states that when discussing addition agent variable, there are three categories to take into consideration. First, agent variables include the onset and duration of the high, and price of the substance. Second, host variables include a risk-taking personality, likeliness of the person to get high, hereditary influences, and a desire to self-medicate. Lastly, environmental variables include peer pressure, and the use of a substance by a role model. These three groups of variables are important to take into consideration when identifying and analyzing an addiction.Viewing addiction from two perspectives, it is in one’s brain, or addiction is a chronic disease (O’Brien, 2003). Research has found that brain mapping is different in the brain of an addict than it is in the brain of a non-addict. Applying the disease approach to addiction, relapses are common and cannot be helped. The philosophy resembles the thoughts such as â€Å"would you punish a diabetic for having a sugar crash? † Many times the ideas behind addiction are challenging for people to comprehend when they have not had an addiction themselves or seen another person go through it.It is important for researchers to study addiction so that we can better understand it and he lp those who are addicted to substances. According to the DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000), an addiction to heroin would be classified as an opioid dependence. The characteristics of a person who is dependent upon heroin (a member of the opioid family) include the use of the drug without a prescription, self-medicating, obsession with obtaining the drug, high tolerance for the drug, and withdrawal symptoms when use is abruptly ended.Chiang, et al. (2006), looked at the likelihood of relapse for heroin users and found that of their 166 heroin abusers, approximately 80% of them relapsed in the five-year study. This is a larger percentage and ties into the idea of heroin addiction being a chronic disease that affects an individual throughout their life. Treatment With relapse having such prevalence in the life of heroin abusers trying to abstain, finding a successful treatment program is an important task. Blanken, et al. 2005), found significant success in programs t hat utilized a mix of heroin and methadone as a treatment to curb withdrawal symptoms, over those that used only methadone. One may question the help of using an addictive substance to treat an addiction, but it is similar to the idea of weaning a child off breast milk by slowly introducing bottles alongside the breast. While it takes some time for the weaning process, it decreases the likelihood of relapse. Gossop, Stewart, and Marsden (2006) found that participants in a methadone treatment program, who received drug related counseling, were less likely to elapse than those who received generic or no counseling. This is important information for clinics that have methadone treatments programs because they can use the research to enhance their programs to better fit their patients and help in their treatments. Research (Marissen, et al. , 2006) has found that in-patient patients, who showed interest towards heroin related cues, were more likely to relapse after treatment, than those who did not show interest in the cues. The next steps for future research may include assessing whether the desire for heroin makes treatment more difficult.Whether an addict has a problem in their brain, or whether they have a chronic disease, heroin use and abuse is a grave topic for consideration (O’Brien, 2003). From the characteristics that push a person to first try heroin, to the nagging need for the high of just one more hit, the drug is a dangerous chemical that can have serious repercussions on both the brain and the body. Researcher need to continue their work in examining heroin as a chemical, drug, and addictive substance in order to assist in the best treatment for its use. With continued research, there may be a cure for heroin addiction, or even addiction itself.References American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th Ed, Text Revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Blanken, P. , Hend riks, V. M. , Koeter, M. W. J. , van Ree, J. M. , & van den Brink, W. (2005). Matching of treatment-resistant heroin-dependent patients to medical prescription or heroin or oral methadone treatment: Results from two randomized controlled trials. Addiction, 100, 89-95. Chiang, S. -C.. Chan, H. -Y. , Chen, C. -H. , Sun, H. -J. , Chang, H. -J. , Chen, W. J. , Lin, S. -K. , & Chen, C. -K. (2006).Recidivism among male subjects incarcerated for illicit drug use in Taiwan. Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 60, 444-451. Firth, A. Y. (2005). Heroin and diplopia. Addiction, 100, 46-50. Franken, I. H. A. , Stam, C. J. , Hendriks, V. M. , & van den Brink, W. (2004). Electroencephalographic power and coherence analyses suggest altered brain function in abstinent male heroin-dependent patients. Neuropsychobiology, 49, 105-110. Gossop, M. , Stewart, D. , & Marsden, J. (2006). Effectiveness of drug and alcohol counseling during methadone treatment: content, frequency, and duration of counseling and association with substance use outcomes.Addiction, 101, 404-412. HeroinAbuse. Net. (2007). History of heroin. [Website]. Retrieved July 8, 2010, from http://www. heroinabuse. net/heroin_history. php Li, L. , Lu, G. , Yao, H. , Zhao, Y. , Feng, Z. , & Yew, D. T. (2005). Postmortem changes in the central nervous system and adrenal medulla of the heroin addicts. International Journal of Neuroscience, 115, 1443-1449. Marissen, M. A. E. , Franken, I. H. A. , Waters, A. J. , Blanken, P. , van den Brink, W. , & Hendriks, V. M. (2006). Attentional bias predicts heroin relapse following treatment. Addiction, 9, 1306-1312. National Kidney Foundation. (2008).Drug abuse and your kidneys. [Website]. Retrieved July 10, 2010, from http://www. kidney. org/atoz/atozItem. cfm? id=44 O’Brien, C. P. (2003). Research advances in the understanding and treatment of addiction. The Journal on Addictions, 12, S36-S47. PBS. (1998). Opium throughout history. [Website]. Retrieved July 18, 2010, from http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/heroin/etc/history. html Shao, C. , Li, Y. , Jiang, K. , Xu, Y. , Lin, Y. , Wang, Q. , Zhao, M. , & Jin, L. (2006). Dopamine D4 receptor polymorphism modulates cue-elicited heroin craving in Chinese. Psychopharmacology, 186, 185-190.

Three Primes of Alchemy (Paracelsus Tria Prima)

Three Primes of Alchemy (Paracelsus Tria Prima) Paracelsus identified three primes (tria prima) of alchemy. The Primes are related to the Law of the Triangle, in which two components come together to produce the third. In modern chemistry, you cant combine the element sulfur and mercury to produce the compound table salt, yet alchemy recognized substances reacted to yield new products. Tria Prima, the Three Alchemy Primes Sulfur – The fluid connecting the High and the Low. Sulfur was used to denote the expansive force, evaporation, and dissolution.Mercury - The omnipresent spirit of life. Mercury was believed to transcend the liquid and solid states. The belief carried over into other areas, as mercury was thought to transcend life/death and heaven/earth.Salt - Base matter. Salt represented the contractive force, condensation, and crystallization. Metaphorical Meanings of the Three Primes Sulfur Mercury Salt Aspect of Matter flammable volatile solid Alchemy Element fire air earth/water Human Nature spirit mind body Holy Trinity Holy Spirit Father Son Aspect of Psyche superego ego id Existential Realm spiritual mental physical Paracelsus devised the three primes from the alchemists Sulfur-Mercury Ratio, which was the belief that each metal was made from a specific ratio of sulfur and mercury and that a metal could be converted into any other metal by adding or removing sulfur. So, if one believed this to be true, it made sense lead could be converted into gold if the correct protocol could be found for adjusting the amount of sulfur. Alchemists would work with the three primes using a process called Solve Et Coagula, which translates to mean dissolving and coagulating. Breaking apart materials so they could recombine was considered a method of purification. In modern chemistry, a similar process is used to purify elements and compounds through crystallization. Matter is either melted or else dissolved and then allowed to recombine to yield a product of higher purity than the source material. Paracelsus also held the belief that all life consisted of three parts, which could be represented by the Primes, either literally or figuratively (modern alchemy). The three-fold nature is discussed in both Eastern and Western religious traditions. The concept of two joining together to become one is also related. Opposing masculine sulfur and feminine mercury would join to produce salt or the body.

A Look At The Critical Understanding Of Law Social Work Essay Essays

A Look At The Critical Understanding Of Law Social Work Essay Essays A Look At The Critical Understanding Of Law Social Work Essay Essay A Look At The Critical Understanding Of Law Social Work Essay Essay There are legion Acts of the Apostless and counsel that need to be considered which make this a complicated exercising. The first is the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act, 1970 s1 which requires local governments to be cognizant of the figure of handicapped people in their boundary in order to program and develop proviso of services. Furthermore, under s46 of the National Health Service and Community Care Act, 1990 they have a duty to print a program of community attention services provided. As Mr B is the carer, the Carers ( Equal Opportunities ) Act, 2004 requires Countyshire to inform him of his entitlement to a Carer s appraisal ( Wilson et al, 2008 ) . Whilst Mr A lived with his brother, Countyshire would hold a statutory responsibility under the NHSCCA ( 1990 ) and the Carers ( Recognition and Services ) Act, 1995 to measure Mr B s demands as chief carer for his brother as Mr B is ordinary occupant at that place. The Carers and Disabled Children Act ( 2000 ) gives Mr B the right to bespeak an appraisal even if Mr A is non involved with attention services. Local Authority Circular ( 2004 ) 24 s2 lineations good pattern for Mr B s engagement in his brother s assessment procedure. For Mr A, under s47 of the NHSCCA ( 1990 ) , Countyshire would hold a statutory responsibility to measure his demands while he was populating with his brother and a farther responsibility under the policy counsel, Fair Access to Care Services 2002, issued under s7 ( 1 ) of the Local Authority Social Services Act 1970, to make up ones mind within a sensible clip, what community attention services should be provided to run into his demands ( DOH, 2010 ) . The statute law is complex for supplying services, including adjustment, for Mr A. There are overlapping and conflicting duties and a elaborate history for Mr A is missing. This highlights the demand for a thorough appraisal by a Social Worker and the appropriate sharing of information between the local governments concerned. Because support attention is expensive governments may conceal behind the complexness of the jurisprudence to hedge their duty. As Mr A was detained under s37 of the Mental Health Act, 1983 ( as amended by Mental Health Act, 2007 ) he would, upon go forthing infirmary under s117 MHA ( 1983 ) , receive free after-care services for his mental wellness for every bit long as is required. As Mr A was detained in Ashire, that Local Authority, Local Health Board and Primary Care Trust are responsible for financing any after-care services ( DOH, 2008 and Barber et Al, 2009 ) . After-care services under s117 of MHA ( 1989 ) would non be withdrawn from Mr A if he declined them, or Ashire discharged him from attention. Even if Mr A was good settled in the community, he may go on to necessitate after-care services in instance of backsliding or mental wellness impairment. They would merely be withdrawn if Ashire local authorization, Mr A and the PCT agreed that he no longer needed them ( DOH, 2008 ) . If such an understanding was made by Ashire so Mr A would be unable to acquire after-care free under s117 of MHA ( 1989 ) but would necessitate to be assessed under s47 of the NHSCCA ( 1990 ) for Countyshire to supply attention under the National Assistance Act ( 1948 ) . The MHA ( 1983 ) does non specify what aftercare is, nevertheless it is accompanied by a Code of Practice, 2008, which, although non statutory is regarded as counsel, as confirmed in the instance of R ( Munjaz ) V Mersey Care NHS Trust ( 2005 ) ( Brammer, 2010 and Barber et Al, 2009 ) . The Code of Practice under 27.13 provides a list of countries to be considered in an appraisal which the Social Worker, with Mr A, should include in the written after attention program ( DOH, 2008 ) . There have been legion differences between local governments over the definition of ordinary occupant, within s24 of the NAA ( 1948 ) , and occupant in s117 ( 3 ) of the MHA ( 1993 ) , and, hence, which authorization is responsible for funding a individual s residential attention. The recent publication Ordinary Residence by the Department of Health and the instance of R ( on the application of M ) v. London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham and Another ; R ( on the application of Hertfordshire County Council ) v. London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham ( 2010 ) have provided lucidity and counsel for pattern confirming that for the intents of s117 MHA ( 1983 ) afterAÂ ­care, s24 ( 5 ) of the NAA ( 1948 ) does non use ( RadclifeLeBrasseur, 2010 ) . In the instance of Mr A, if he is still under s117 MHA ( 1989 ) the responsibility to supply after-care services, including adjustment, would stay with Ashire as the local authorization where he was detained even though he is populating i n Countyshire ( DOH, 2010 ) . Countyshire, under s24 ( 3 ) of the NAA ( 1948 ) , ab initio placed Mr A in the residential place to supply reprieve for his brother. The place is registered for occupants with dementedness and physical disablements. Upon the determination to remain at that place for good, Countyshire would hold a common responsibility to re-assess Mr A to guarantee the place is appropriate for his demands. If it is non portion of Mr A s attention program to supply appropriate adjustment for his mental wellness so Countyshire would necessitate to fund his adjustment, under s21 of the NAA ( 1948 ) . Mr A would besides run into the standards under the NAA ( 1948 ) s29 ( 1 ) for his domiciliary attention services to be provided by the local authorization. NAA ( 1948 ) s29 ( 4 ) with LAC ( 93 ) 10 besides outlines what attention services should be considered and s2 of the CSDPA ( 1970 ) gives the local authorization the power and responsibility to supply such services. If the adjustment is provided for M r A s wellness demands, the NHS are responsible as the local authorization is non able to supply wellness services as defined in s21 ( 8 ) NAA ( 1948 ) . If Mr A funded his ain adjustment he would be classed as a self-funder and require an ordinary abode with Countyshire, in line with the settled intent trial in Shah v London Borough of Barnet ( 1983 ) . NAA ( 1948 ) s22 ( 2 ) allows Countyshire to bear down Mr A for the adjustment. When transporting out the fiscal appraisal they must utilize the National Assistance ( Assessment of Resources ) Regulations ( 1992 ) in concurrence with Charging For Residential Accommodation Guide, which is updated yearly ( DOH, 2010 ) . At present there is no specific statute law in England for vulnerable grownup protection. The jurisprudence modulating the safeguarding of vulnerable grownups is taken from a figure of comparatively recent policies, counsel and instance jurisprudence ( Clements and Thompson, 2007 ) . Safeguarding has merely late become recognised as an country of work in its ain right. It is an progressively of import portion of a Social Worker s duties, as policy and counsel has given societal service governments the lead function in covering with safeguarding issues ( Mandelstam, 2008 ) . The local authorization as a public organic structure, under the Human Rights Act 1998 s6, has a responsibility of attention towards its citizens, to protect them from injury and continue their human rights ( Braye, 2010 ) . In Z and others v UK ( 2001 ) the European Court of Human Rights found the local authorization to be in misdemeanor of s6 ( 3 ) HRA ( 1998 ) , holding failed to take sensible stairss to forestall serious ill-treatment when they were cognizant of maltreatment ( Clements and Thompson, 2007 ) . Safeguarding Adults processs should be put in topographic point, in line with HRA ( 1998 ) , to back up a individual to populate a life that is free from maltreatment and disregard ( ADASS, 2005 ) . As the local authorization has been made cognizant of Mr A s recent behavior towards the other occupants it is of import that they appoint an Investigating Officer and take sensible stairss to forestall any maltreatment. The Care Standards Act, 2000 criterion 18, stipulates that local governments and attention places must hold a written safeguarding policy which would use to Ashire, Countyshire and the private attention place. Besides in 2000, the Department of Health published the No Secrets policy papers, which provides counsel to local governments on how to protect vulnerable grownups and implement policies to protect them. The policy requires local governments to hold written multi bureau safeguarding processs and policies ( Brammer, 2010 ) . No Secrets is regarded as statutory counsel because the LASSA ( 1970 ) , s7 requires a local authorization to move under such counsel. The instance of R v Islington LBC, ex p Rixon ( 1996 ) , demonstrated that an authorization is moving unlawfully if they deviate from the counsel ( Mandelstram, 2008 ) . The Association of Directors of Social Services in 2004, published the Protocol For Inter-Authority Investigation Of Vulnerable Adult Abuse. This protocol with mention to s3.8 of No Secrets ( 2000 ) and National Assistance Act 1948 LAC ( 93 ) 7, clarified the duty and actions of the host and puting local governments with respects to safeguarding. In the instance of Mr A, although the residential place contacted Ashire, it would be the duty of Countyshire, as the host local authorization, to take the lead in safeguarding processs. However, a nexus individual from Ashire would be invited to go to any grownup protection scheme meeting, if it is the local authorization funding his adjustment, as it would still be expected to hold a responsibility of go oning attention for Mr A ( 2004: 1-2 ) . In 2005, ADASS published Safeguarding Adults, supplying a national model for good pattern in grownup protection work, including giving clear clip frames, multi bureau working and inside informations of duties ( Clements and Thompson, 2007 ; Brammer, 2010 ) . Whilst following safeguarding processs it is of import for the local authorization to maintain to the Data Protection Act, 1998. However, No Secrets states, It is inappropriate for bureaus to give confidences of absolute confidentiality in instances where there are concerns about maltreatment, peculiarly in those state of affairss when other vulnerable people may be at hazard ( 2000: 24 ) . A unfavorable judgment of the No Secrets policy is that vulnerable grownups are defined as people in demand of community attention services who are unable to protect themselves from abuse so it does non take into consideration people who do non necessitate community attention services ( Clements and Thompson, 2007 ) . Safeguarding Adults model introduced the term safeguarding and moved off from the description of protection and vulnerable ( Brayne and Carr, 2010 ) . ADASS defined Safeguarding Adults as, This phrase means all work which enables an grownup who is or may be eligible for community attention services to retain independency, wellbeing and pick and to entree their human right to populate a life that is free from maltreatment and disregard ( 2005: 5 ) . Using the ADASS definition, the vulnerable grownups in this instance, would be Mr A, and all the other occupants in the residential place, given his current and old behavior. As Mr A is shacking at a private residential attention place, the place, along with the local authorization, will be regulated by The CSA, 2000, supported by National Minimum Standards. Standard 18 of the NMS provinces that the registered individual at the attention place demands to guarantee that service users are safeguarded from maltreatment ( Clements and Thompson, 2007 ; Brammer, 2010 ) . The registered individual and perchance other attention staff from the place would, hence, be invited to the safeguarding scheme meeting. Under the Care Homes Regulations 2001, it is the duty of the attention place registered individual to inform the Care Quality Commission ( CQC ) of any suspected maltreatment ( Brammer, 2010 ) . Hampshire County Council Safeguarding Policy states that although the CQC should be informed and invited to a safeguarding scheme meeting, it is non routinely necessary for them to go to ( 2010: 52 ) . However, following the CQC Safeguarding Protocol Procedures they should supply any relevant information for the meeting ( 2010: 11 ) . Safeguarding Adults model provide counsel on constabulary engagement ; if a offense is alleged to hold taken topographic point so they should be involved every bit shortly as possible and make up ones mind whether they will be taking action ( 2005: 34 ) . However, as Mr A has committed no offense, the constabulary may non necessitate to be invited to a scheme meeting. The care-co-ordinator, head-shrinker and GP for Mr A would be invited to go to a scheme meeting ( Dorset For You, 2007 ) . If a safeguarding appraisal scheme is decided at the scheme meeting, Mr A, as he is deemed to hold mental capacity, could besides be involved with the appraisal procedure and his positions taken into history. However, Countyshire must move to continue the human rights of all citizens and as other occupants potentially are at hazard, this responsibility will take precedency ( ADASS, 2005 ) . The instance of Mr A has shown that although local authorization societal services have a legal responsibility and duty to supply, fund and safeguard the most suited attention, this is a complex undertaking affecting an apprehension of overlapping and conflicting duties, from a broad scope of primary statute law, secondary statute law, waies, counsel and instance Torahs ( Wilson et al, 2008 ) . The instance of Mr A supports the Law Commission s current work to make, under one act, a consistent legal model for the proviso of grownup societal attention similar to the Children Act, 1989 ( Law Commission, 2010 ) . Word Count: 2196

Dos and Donts of Website Content

Dos and Donts of Website Content When creating websites for a business or personal venture, one of the top (and worst) mistakes made is in the website content. With new website design programs popping up almost daily, and websites like Wix.com that can be used with little to no web design knowledge, building a web page has never been easier. But once youre past the design part- what will your website say?As a web content writer with almost a decade of experience doing this, Ive had clients approach me with concerns that their website just isnt getting them noticed the way they need to be noticed. Web sites are supposed to draw traffic, right? If there is no traffic coming in on your site, or very little business brought in because of it, 9 times out of 10 it will have something to do with the content you have on it. With this in mind, lets first look at some of things you should avoid at all costs when creating website content that is intended to bring visitors (and hopefully, customers) to your site and business.Do nt write too muchThis one is probably the most common offense in website content. Youve got a lot to say about your business or passions, right? I know the temptation is difficult to avoid, so always keep this little statistic in mind whenever youre writing website content: 55% of website visitors spend fewer than 15 seconds actively on a page; and for most visitors, you have 10 seconds to get their attention. Instead†¦Do write a paragraph or two with highly engaging contentThis means that when someone visits your website, theyre likely to spend only about 15 seconds on each page. So what about all that content you want to write? Scrap it and come up with a paragraph (or two) that best summarizes everything youd rather say in 10 paragraphs, because thats all the time you have to get most peoples attention. Bore them in the first paragraph and I guarantee you that they wont read further.Dont try to oversell yourself or your businessHave you ever come across a website full of cli chà ©s like but wait, theres more? Did you want to hang out there? Probably not- no one really likes to be harassed by overzealous salespeople. Instead†¦Do make your website a type of informal portfolioInstead of thinking of your website as a sales pitch, think of it as a portfolio- a way to show your potential clients or customers what you know, what you do, and why youre the best at it. Your work will speak for itself without all the clichà ©d writing (that no one likes to read because theyve read it a million times before).Dont allow grammar or spelling errors on your siteThere is nothing that can ruin a businesss reputation like a lack of professionalism, and allowing grammar or spelling errors is simply unprofessional. Most customers will assume that if you cant spell a word correctly (or find an editor to fix the error for you), then you wont be able to conduct business correctly either. Instead†¦Do make sure your website is grammatically correct and error freeMost times, this is just a matter of hiring an editor to look over the content for you. Even the best writers make grammar and spelling mistakes, so having a second pair of eyes look over the content is a smart business practice, regardless of what type of business youre in.Dont crowd a lot of words into wide spacesThis is just as much an issue of design as it is of content, but putting large blocks of writing in one spot- particularly if that spot takes up most of the page- will deter your visitor from reading it. Most people surf the web after a busy day at work, or as a way to relax and unwind. Theyre not going to want to read a lot of writing that may not be of interest to them, and strain their eyes while doing it. Instead†¦Do make your content scan-able and mix it with images that encourage the eye to keep readingWhen your content is easy to scan, your visitors eye will naturally scan it. Keeping the content in small, scan-able chunks encourages visitors to stay on your page longer and actually read what youve written there. Mixing that content with images is another way to keep the eye on the page, as well as ensuring that there is plenty of white space on the page so that it isnt crowded (and overwhelming to the eye).Dont write boring contentWhile this one should be obvious, youd be surprised at how many websites are filled with boring content that no one really wants to read. For example, an attorney might put his entire CV on his website, including every association and membership hes ever held. Guess what? Most people dont want to read this, especially in the form of a CV. Instead†¦Do write engaging contentAgain, think of your website as your portfolio, and include on it writing that is simply stated and at the same time engaging and exciting to read. Most visitors dont need (or want) to know your entire history or your CV. Hit the high points of each and theyll be much more likely to read it. If it sounds like a sales pitch or a lecture, youl l chase your visitors away before they even have the opportunity to become your customers.Following these few Dos and Donts of website content writing will ensure that your website looks professional, retains visitors for as long as possible, and helps your business grow.

A Collection of Famous Quotations About Time

A Collection of Famous Quotations About Time Time and tide await none. The powerful tide of time overpowers everything: kingdoms fall, evil dies, relationships change, seasons wither, and the new sun rises. Here is a collection of famous time quotes. Remember that time is money. -Benjamin FranklinNever leave that till  to-morrow  which you can do  to-day. -Benjamin FranklinDost thou love life? Then do not squander time, for that is the stuff life is made of. -Benjamin FranklinAs though a rose should shut and be a bud again. -John KeatsYears of love have been forgot in the hatred of a minute. -Edgar Allan PoeKeeping time, time, time, In a sort of Runic rhyme, To the tintinnabulation that so musically wells, From the bells, bells, bells. -Edgar Allen Poeï » ¿The worlds a bubble, and the life of man, less than a span. -Francis Bacon Histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend. -Francis Bacon Sweet childish days that were as long as twenty days are now. -William Wordsworth Can anybody remember when the times were not hard and money not scarce? -Ralph Waldo EmersonLife is not so short but that there is always time enough for courtesy . -Ralph Waldo Emerson For he lives twice who can at once employ, The present well, and even the past enjoy. -Alexander Pope ï » ¿Tis with our judgments as our watches- none go just alike, yet each believes his own. -Alexander Pope ï » ¿To me every hour of the light and dark is a miracle, every cubic inch of space is a miracle. -Walt Whitman

How Votes Are Counted on Election Day

How Votes Are Counted on Election Day After the polls close on  Election Day, the task of counting the votes begins. Each city and state use a different method to collect and tabulate ballots. Some are electronic, others paper-based. But the process of counting votes is generally the same no matter where you live and vote. Preparations As soon as the last voter has voted, the election judge at each polling place makes sure poll workers have sealed all of the ballot boxes and then sends the sealed ballot boxes to a central vote-counting facility. This is usually a government office, like a city hall or county courthouse. If digital voting machines are used, the election judge will send the media on which the votes are recorded to the counting facility. The ballot boxes or computer media are usually transported to the counting facility by sworn law enforcement officers. At the central counting facility, certified observers representing the political parties or candidates watch the actual vote counting to make sure the count is fair. Paper Ballots In areas where paper ballots are still used, election officials manually read each ballot and add up the number of votes in each race. Sometimes two or more election officials read each ballot to ensure accuracy. Since these ballots are filled out manually, the voters intention can sometimes be unclear. In these cases, the election judge either decides how the voter intended to vote or declares that the ballot in question will not be counted. The most common problem with manual vote counting is, of course, human error. This can also be an issue with punch card ballots, as youll see. Punch Cards Where punch card ballots are used, election officials open each ballot box, manually count the number of ballots cast, and run the ballots through a mechanical punch card reader. Software in the card reader records the votes in each race and prints out totals. If the total number of ballot cards read by the card reader does not match the manual count, the election judge can order the ballots recounted. Problems can occur when the ballot cards stick together while being run through the card reader, the reader malfunctions, or the voter has damaged the ballot. In extreme cases, the election judge can order the ballots to be read manually. Punch card ballots and their infamous hanging chads led to the controversial vote count in Florida during the 2000 presidential election. Digital Ballots With the newer, fully computerized voting systems, including optical scan and direct recording electronic systems, the vote totals may be transmitted automatically to the central counting facility. In some cases, these devices record their votes on removable media, such as hard disks or cassettes, which are transported to the central counting facility for counting. According to the Pew Research Center, nearly half of all Americans use optical-scan voting systems, and about a quarter use direct-recording voting machines. Like any electronic device, these voting machines are vulnerable to hacking, at least in theory, experts say. But as of August 2017, there is little to no evidence suggesting that hacking has occurred. Recounts and Other Issues Whenever the results of an election are very close, or problems have occurred with the voting equipment, one or more of the candidates often demand a recount of the votes. Some state laws call for mandatory recounts in any close election. The recounts may be done by a manual hand-count of ballots or by the same type of machines used to make the original count. Recounts do sometimes change the outcome of an election. In almost all elections, some votes are lost or incorrectly counted due to voter mistakes, faulty voting equipment, or errors by election officials. From local elections to presidential elections, officials are constantly working to improve the voting process, with the goal of making sure that every vote is counted and counted correctly. Of course, there remains one absolutely certain way to make sure your vote will not be counted: dont vote. Effect of 2016 Russian Interference on Future Vote Counting Since Special Counsel Robert Mueller issued his â€Å"Report on the Investigation Into the Russia Interference in The 2016 Presidential Election† in March 2019, the U.S. House of Representative has passed legislation intended to reform the voting process and protect future elections. While the Senate Judiciary Committee has advanced two similar bipartisan bills on election security, they have yet to be debated by the full Senate. In addition, several states have announced plans to replace their current voting machines and computerized vote counting systems with more modern and hacker-proof equipment before the 2020 presidential election. According to a report by the Brennan Center for Justice, local election officials in 254 jurisdictions across 37 states plan to purchase new voting equipment in the â€Å"near future.† Election officials in 31 of the 37 states hope to replace their equipment before the 2020 election. In 2002, Congress enacted the Help America Vote Act (HAVA) allocating $380 million to help states strengthen their election security.

A Dolls House Study and Discussion Topics

'A Doll's House' Study and Discussion Topics A Dolls House is an 1879 play by Norwegian writer Henrik Ibsen, which tells the story of a discontented wife and mother. It was highly controversial at the time of its release, as it raised questions and criticism about the societal expectations of marriage, especially the subservient role women were expected to play. Nora Helmer is desperate to keep her husband Torvald from discovering that she forged loan documents, and thinks if she is revealed, he will sacrifice his honor for hers. She even contemplates killing herself to spare him this indignity. Noras being threatened by Nils Krogstad, who knows her secret and wants to reveal it if Nora doesnt help him. Hes about to be fired by Torvald, and wants Nora to intervene. Her attempts are unsuccessful, however. She asks Kristine, a long-lost love of Krogstads, to help her, but Kristine decides Torvald should know the truth, for the good of the Helmers marriage. When the truth comes out, Torvald disappoints Nora with his self-centered reaction. Its at this point Nora realizes she has never truly discovered who she is but has lived her life as a plaything for the use of first her father, and now her husband.  At the end of the play, Nora Helmer leaves her husband and children in order to be herself, which she is unable to do as part of the family unit. The play is based on a true story, of Laura Kieler, a friend of Ibsens who went through many of the same things Nora did. Kielers story had a less happy ending; Her husband divorced her and had her committed to an asylum. Discussion Topics What is important about the title? Who is the doll Ibsen refers to?Who is the more significant female character in terms of plot development, Nora or Kristine? Explain your answer.Do you think Kristines decision not to prevent Krogstad from revealing the truth to Torvald is a betrayal of Nora? Does this act ultimately hurt or benefit Nora?How does Henrik Ibsen reveal character in A Dolls House? Is Nora a sympathetic character? Did your opinion of Nora change from the beginning of the play to its conclusion?Does the play end the way you expected? Do you think this was a happy ending?A Dolls House is generally considered a feminist work. Do you agree with this characterization? Why or why not?How essential is the setting, both in terms of time period and location? Could the play have taken place anywhere else? Would the final outcome have had the same impact if A Dolls House had been set in the present day? Why or why not?Knowing that the plot is based on a series of events that happen ed to a female friend of Ibsens, did it bother you that he used Laura Kielers story without it benefiting her? Which actress would you cast as Nora if you were to stage a production of A Dolls House? Who would play Torvald? Why is the choice of actor important to the role? Explain your choices.

The price of Everything Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The price of Everything - Term Paper Example The conclusion of research is that there is an economic order, which exists, run the world markets, and controls it through variation in prices of everything. There is a lesser possibility that one force may control this activity however existence of loose understanding between a group of firms or pressure groups cannot be denied. Keywords : Price, economics, crisis, people, manufacturing, markets, order. The Price of Everything-A Parable of Possibility and Prosperity. Introduction. The Price of Everything-A Parable of Possibility and Prosperity, is a tale of spontaneous, natural, automatic, emergent order and the role prices and markets play in organizing economic activity irrespective of geographical boundaries. The author, Russell Roberts who himself is an economist tells the story of a boy, Ramon Fernandez, a Cuban immigrant tennis player raised in capitalism. The novel is set in the San Francisco Bay area after an earthquake. Ramon, who has since grown into a young man and has b ecome a star tennis player at Stanford, and his girlfriend Amy, a Stanford volleyball player, are trying to buy a flashlight. They visit two large retailers: Home Depot and the fictional Big Box in Hayward. Home Depot is out of flashlights. Big Box, on the other hand, has plenty of flashlights. However, unlike Home Depot, Big Box has announced that they have raised the prices on all of their items because of the earthquake. Is this price gouging? How dare a retailer profit from an emergency and squeeze their customers when they most need the supplies?. This, understandably, has upset many people who think it is unfair that Big Box acted opportunistically by raising its prices, taking advantage of the disaster for personal profit. The other main character in the book is a woman, Professor Ruth Lieber, the provost of Stanford University and Amy's economics teacher. Lieber takes on the role of teacher outside the classroom in order to help Ramon understand the role that markets and pri ces play in people's lives. In the course of the book, she teaches Ramon to see that prices help coordinate economic activity and they help steer resources to their most-valued use. She also teaches Ramon that much of the economic order we see is of the unplanned variety. At the beginning of the appendix to his new novel, Russell Roberts writes: â€Å"This book is my attempt to give the beginner and the expert a better understanding of the role prices play in our lives — how they create harmony between the competing desires of consumers and entrepreneurs, and how they steer resources and knowledge to transform and sustain our standard of living.† The economic lessons that Ruth Lieber tried to pass on to Ramon and Amy The novel discusses at length the role prices play in the life of people. Three most important lessons given in the novel are :- 1. Why raising prices during a crisis (Price gouging) is not a damaging and objectionable matter. 2. How prosperity is created and sustained. 3. Existence of unseen economic order and harmony that shape our daily lives. Price gouging refers to artificially inflated prices on necessities after a disaster, natural or otherwise. Missouri has seen price gouging after the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks, Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and other severe storms in the state. In Missouri-USA, it is against law to take advantage of a desperate situation by drastically increasing prices on merchandise, whether it's gasoline,